AI & Automation Disclosure
Ensuring that people are made aware, at the point of use, of the presence of any digital systems acting autonomously – that any such systems operate in the public interest – and that human oversight is used when making decisions that affect people
AI & Automation Disclosure means ensuring that people are made aware when digital systems are acting on them, shaping what they see, influencing decisions, or communicating in ways that appear human.
We believe that public trust depends on people being able to tell when they are dealing with a machine, what that machine is doing, and who remains accountable for its actions and outcomes.
For a public-serving entity, AI & Automation Disclosure means clearly disclosing where and when automated systems are used, especially when they influence recommendations, moderation, eligibility, prioritisation, or access to services. It means ensuring that significant decisions affecting people remain subject to meaningful human oversight and review, and that automated systems can be challenged, explained, and corrected where necessary.
AI & Automation Disclosure in the public interest does not resist innovation. But it does ensure that when systems act on people’s behalf or in place of people, those systems remain transparent to – and contestable by – the public they serve.
Example requirements (illustrative)
These example requirements are grounded in established international standards, regulations, and laws, which are listed in full in the section below.
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AI systems, automated decision-making, and synthetic media are clearly disclosed to people at the point of interaction or use.
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Synthetic or AI-generated text, audio, video, or images presented as factual or authoritative material is clearly identified as such.
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High-risk AI systems undergo formal risk, privacy, and safety assessments before deployment and at regular intervals thereafter, with clear explanations of purpose, capabilities and limitations published for public-facing services.
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Organisations maintain documented governance processes for the procurement, deployment, testing, and review of AI systems, designed to reduce bias, discrimination, unsafe outcomes, and foreseeable harm.
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Automated systems affecting people operate under meaningful human oversight, with clear routes for review or intervention.
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People can challenge or appeal significant decisions made or assisted by automated systems.
Standards, regulations, and laws informing this work
- Aotearoa New Zealand | Algorithm Charter
- Council of Europe (CoE) | Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law 2024
- European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) | Securing Artificial Intelligence (SAI) Baseline Cyber Security Requirements for AI Models and Systems (EN 304 223) 2021
- EU | Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act) 2024
- EU | Code of Practice on Marking and Labelling of AI-generated Content (proposed)
- EU | Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) 2024
- EU | Data Act 2023
- EU | Digital Omnibus Regulation (proposed)
- EU | General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2016, Article 22
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association (IEEE SA) | Model Process for Addressing Ethical Concerns During System Design (IEEE 7000) 2021
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | Artificial Intelligence Management System Standard (ISO/IEC 42001) 2023
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) | AI Principles
- UK | Artificial Intelligence (Regulation) Bill (proposed)
- UK | Freedom of Information Act (FOI Act) 2000
- UK | Ofcom Online Safety Codes of Practice
- UK | UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR), Article 22
- UN | UNECE Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
Organisations working in this area
- Access Info Europe | Spain-based NGO
- Ada Lovelace Institute | UK-based research organisation
- ADAPT | Ireland-based research organisation
- AI Accountability Lab (AIAL) | Ireland-based research organisation
- AI Now Institute | US-based research organisation
- Alan Turing Institute | UK-based research organisation
- Algorithmic Justice League | US-based nonprofit
- AlgorithmWatch | Germany-based nonprofit
- Amnesty International and its Amnesty Tech programme | UK-based NGO
- A Plus Alliance for Inclusive Algorithms | Global community
- Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) | US-based membership organisation
- Big Brother Watch | UK-based nonprofit
- British Standards Institution (BSI) and its AI Standards Hub | UK-based standards organisation
- Cambridge Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence | UK-based research organisation
- CEN / CENELEC (European Committees for Standardization and Electrotechnical Standardization) | Belgium-based standards organisation
- Centre for Digital Public Infrastructure (CDPI) and its Digital Public Infrastructure AI Framework | India-based project
- CivicAI | Spain-based membership organisation
- Civil Liberties Union for Europe (Liberties) | Germany-based NGO
- Council of Europe (CoE) | France-based IGO
- Foxglove | UK-based nonprofit
- Future of Life Institute | US-based nonprofit
- Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) | UK government regulator
- Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standards Association (IEEE SA) | US-based standards organisation
- International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | Switzerland-based standards organisation
- Nesta and its Centre for Collective Intelligence Design (CCID) | UK-based nonprofit
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) | France-based IGO
- Ofcom | UK government regulator
- The Open Data Institute (The ODI) | UK-based nonprofit
- Partnership on AI (PAI) | US-based nonprofit
- Reset Tech | US-based nonprofit